Xa ukwicandelo lokukhanyisa umhlaba njengomenzi, umyili wezibane, umhambisi, okanye umyili wezinto ezithile, kuya kuhlala kufuneka ubhekise kwiifayile zesicwangciso seefoto yokuqonda imveliso yokwenene yokukhanya kunye namandla e-lumen kulungiso onqwenela ukulifaka Uyilo. Kuthi sonke kushishino lokukhanyisa ngaphandle, eli nqaku lilapha ukusinceda ukuba siqonde ngcono ukuba singafunda njani kwaye sihlalutye imizobo yokukhanya kweefoto.
Njengoko kuchaziwe yiWikipedia ngamagama alula njengesalathiso sokuqonda kokukhanya; I-Photometry yinzululwazi yomlinganiso wokukhanya. Ingxelo yohlalutyo lwefotometri ngokwenene yiminwe yeminwe yendlela ukukhanya kwesibane esikukhanyisa ukukhanya kuyilo loyilo lwemveliso eyahlukileyo. Ukulinganisa zonke ii-angles zokuvelisa ukukhanya kwaye ubungakanani (obubizwa ngokuba yi-candela okanye amandla ekhandlela), kuqatshelwa uhlalutyo lwesikhanyiso esizisa ukukhanya, sisebenzisa into ebizwa ngokuba Isibuko seGoniometer ukusinceda ekuboneni ezi zinto zahlukeneyo zokukhanya kuphuma ngamandla kunye nomgama ohambelana neepateni zazo. Esi sixhobo sithatha ukukhanya kokukhanya (candela) kwaye sikulinganise ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo. Umgama osuka kwisibane ukuya kwiGoniometer kufuneka ubenama-25 eenyawo okanye ngcono ufumane umlinganiso ochanekileyo wecandela (ubukhulu). Ukuze uhlalutyo lwe-IES lwefotometri lusebenze ngokufanelekileyo, siqala ngokulinganisa i-candelas okanye amandla ekhandlela kwi-0 degrees (zero ingaphantsi kwesibane okanye ezantsi). Emva koko sihambisa i-goniometer iidigri ezi-5 kwaye siqhubeke nokuyihambisa kwakhona kwaye kwakhona, enye iidigri ezi-5 ngaphezulu ngalo lonke ixesha kuyo yonke indlela ejikeleze isibane ukuze sifunde ngokufanelekileyo ukukhanya.
INDLELA YOKUQONDA INKQUBO YOMGANGATHO YOKUKHANYISWA KOKUKHANYA KWIPHOTOMETRIKI
Kanye, emva kokuba sihambe yonke indawo sijikeleze iidigri ezingama-360, sihambisa i-goniometer kwaye siqala nge-45-degree angle ukusuka apho siqale khona kwaye saphinda inkqubo. Kuxhomekeka kulungelelwaniso lokukhanya komhlaba, sinokwenza oku kwii-engile ezahlukeneyo ukubamba ngokufanelekileyo iziphumo zokukhanya kwe-lumen. Itshathi ka candela, okanye ijika lekhandlela lamandla ekhandlela, lwenziwe olo lwazi kwaye lusetyenziselwa ukwenza ezi fayile ze-IES Photometric esizisebenzisayo kumzi mveliso wokukhanyisa. Kwi-engile nganye eyahlukeneyo yokukhanya, siza kubona ubungakanani obahlukeneyo besikhanyiso esihlala sihlukile kubenzi bokukhanya. Imodeli yokuhambisa ukukhanya yenziwa emva koko, ikwabizwa ngokuba ligophe lamandla ekhandlela, ethi yona inike abaqulunqi bokukhanyisa kunye nabayili bezinto ezibonakalayo ngokubengezela kokukhanya okusasazwa sisikhanyiso ngokusebenzisa ukukhanya kwaso, iingubo, kunye neemilo.
Okukude esikufumanayo ukusuka kwindawo yenqanaba lomlinganiso, kokukhona ukukhanya kuphuma ngakumbi. Itheyibhile yokuhambisa i-candela yigophe le-candela kodwa ibekwe kwifom tabular.
Imizobo yokukhanya yeefotometric eyenziwe kwezi zinto zifunyanisiweyo zikuxelela kwangoko ukuba uninzi lokuhamba (ukukhanya, ukukhanya "kokukhanya") kuyehla kuye ezantsi okanye ecaleni.
Itheyibhile yokusetyenziswa ngokufanelekileyo kwifoto yokujonga iifoto ipesenti yokukhanya kwezibane ezifikelela kumphezulu womsebenzi kwisithuba esinikiweyo. Umyinge wegumbi elinomlinganiso wegumbi ngumlinganiso weendonga kwindawo ethe tyaba okanye imigangatho kwindawo yokusebenza. Iindonga zifunxa ukukhanya okuninzi. Okukhona bekufunxa, ukukhanya okuncinci kufikelela kwimimandla apho ukukhanya kukhanyiselwa khona. Sikwanamaxabiso okuboniswa kwezi tshathi ziqwalasele iipesenti ezibonisa imigangatho, udonga kunye nophahla. Ukuba iindonga zomthi omnyama ongabonakali kakuhle, oko kuya kuthetha ukuba ukukhanya okuncinci kuyabonakaliswa kumphezulu womsebenzi wethu.
Ukuqonda ukuba konke oku kuphuma kukukhanya kusebenza njani kwimveliso nganye, kuvumela umyili wezibane ukuba acwangcise ngokuchanekileyo ukuphakama apho abeke khona isibane kunye nomgama phakathi kwezibane ukukhanyisa ngokufanelekileyo izithuba zangaphandle zokugcwalisa loo ndawo ngokukhanya okuhambisanayo. Ngalo lonke olu lwazi, ukucwangciswa kweefoto kunye nohlalutyo kuyakuvumela (okanye isoftware) ukuba ukhethe ngokulula isixa esifanelekileyo sezikhanyiso ezifunekayo kwisicwangciso seprojekthi yoyilo lokukhanyisa ngokufumana amandla afanelekileyo ombane kunye namanqanaba okuphuma kwe-lumen ukwenza ukukhanya okuphezulu usebenzisa iinkcukacha ezibonisa iidigri zeekona zokukhanya eziya kuthi ziboniswe kukukhanya ngakunye kwiiplani zeplani yoyilo. Ezi ndlela zokumisela ezona zibalaseleyo zoyilo lokukhanya komhlaba kunye nezicwangciso zokufaka, vumela iingcali kunye neprojekthi enkulu yokwakha yokuthenga abaphathi ukuba balawule ngokufanelekileyo kwaye baqonde ukuba zeziphi izibane ezifanelekileyo ukufaka kwindawo enikezelweyo kwipropathi yepropathi evela kubakhi, ngokusekwe kukuhambisa ukukhanya Ijika kunye nedatha yemveliso yokukhanya.
ISICWANGCISO SESICWANGCISO SEZICWANGCISO ZOKUSETYENZISWA KWENKQUBO YENKQUBO YENKQUBO
Izibane: Ukukhanya okukhanyayo, okulinganiswa nge-lumens (lm), lilonke inani lokukhanya okuveliswe ngumthombo ngaphandle kokujonga ulwalathiso. Ukukhanya okukhanyayo kubonelelwa ngabavelisi besibane kunye namaxabiso aqhelekileyo e-lumen afakiwe kwimatriki yesibane.
UCandela: Ekhanyayo amandla abizwa ngokuba Ukuqaqamba, Ilinganiswe ku-candela (cd), sisixa sokukhanya esiveliswe kwicala elithile. Ngokomzobo, olu lwazi luhlanganiswe kwiitshathi ezifomathiweyo polar ezibonisa ubungakanani bokukhanya kwi-engile nganye kude ne-0 ax axis yelisisi (nadir). Ulwazi lwenombolo lukwakhona kwifom yetaibular.
Iibhola: Ukukhanya, kulinganiswa ngeenyawo (fc), ngumlinganiselo wobungakanani bokukhanya okufika ngaphezulu. Izinto ezintathu ezichaphazela ukukhanya kukuqina kwesikhanyiso kwicala lomphezulu, umgama ukusuka kwisikhanyiso ukuya kumphezulu, kunye ne-engile yeziganeko zokukhanya okufikayo. Nangona ukukhanya kungabonakali ngamehlo ethu, yinto eqhelekileyo esetyenziswayo ekuchazeni uyilo.
Nceda qaphelaIinyawo zenyawo lelona candelo liqhelekileyo lomlinganiselo osetyenziswa ziingcali zokukhanyisa ukubala amanqanaba okukhanya kumashishini nakwindawo zangaphandle. Isibane seenyawo sichazwa njengokukhanya kwindawo enye yesikwere kumphezulu wokukhanya. Umbutho wezobuNjineli oKhanyayo (i-IES) ucebisa le migangatho ilandelayo yokukhanyisa kunye namanqanaba ekhandlela ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukukhanya okwaneleyo nokhuseleko kubahlali.
Amakhandlela / imitha: Ukukhanya kulinganiswa ngamakhandlela / imitha bubungakanani bokukhanya okushiya umphezulu. Yile nto ibonwa liso. Ukukhanya kuya kutyhila ngakumbi malunga nomgangatho kunye nokuthuthuzela koyilo kunokukhanya kuphela.
Umbane weCandle Beam Power (CBCP): Isibane sesibane sesibane kukukhanya okuqaqambileyo embindini womqadi, ochazwe kwiikhandlela (cd).
Icandelo lokuKhanya: Izixhobo eziluncedo kuthelekiso lokukhanyisa ngokukhawuleza kunye nokubala, iicones zokukhanya zibala amanqanaba okuqala ekhandlela leenyawo kwiyunithi enye esekwe kubuchule bokubala. Iipali zebram zijikelezwe kufutshane nesiqingatha seenyawo.
Ukukhanya: Ezi khowuni zokukhanya zibonelela ngokusebenza kweyunithi enye ngaphandle kokubonisana phakathi komhlaba. Idatha edwelisiweyo yeyokuphakama kokuphakama, amaxabiso ekhandlela kwi-nadir, kunye nesiphumo sobubanzi be-boram.
Ukukhanya kwezivakalisi: Iipateni zokukhanya ezivela kwizikhanyiso ezihlengahlengiswayo zixhomekeke kuhlobo lwesibane, ukuhambisa amanzi, ukuthambeka kwesibane kunye nendawo yenqwelomoya ekhanyisiweyo. Idatha yokusebenza kweyunithi enye ibonelelwe ngeenqwelomoya ezithe tyaba kunye nezime nkqo, isibane sithambekele nokuba ku-0 ̊, 30 ̊, okanye kwi-45̊ ejolise kuyo.
Ukukhanya kweBeam kujonge Ukukhanya kwe-Beam okujolise kwimizobo kuvumela umyili ukuba akhethe ngokulula umgama ofanelekileyo ukusuka eludongeni ukufumana ukukhanya kunye nokufumana umqadi wombane wesibane apho ufuna khona. Ukukhanya kwezinto zobugcisa eludongeni, i-30̊ ejolise kuyo iyakhethwa. Kule angle, i-1/3 yobude bomqadi iya kuba ngaphezulu kwenqaku le-CB, kunye no-2/3 uya kuba ngaphantsi kwayo. Ke, ukuba umzobo ziimitha ezintathu ubude, cwangcisa i-CB ukuba ijolise kwi-1 yonyawo olungezantsi kwepeyinti. Kwimodeli eyandisiweyo yezinto ezinemilinganiselo emithathu, kusetyenziswa izibane ezibini, ukukhanya kwesitshixo kunye nokugcwalisa ukukhanya. Zombini zijolise kubuncinci be-30-ukuphakama kwaye zibekwe kwi-axis ezingama-45.
Idatha yokuKhanyisa ngeDonga: Ulwabiwo lweasymmetric lokuhlamba udonga lubonelelwa ngeentlobo ezimbini zeetshathi zokusebenza. Itshathi yokusebenza iyunithi enye yenza iziqendu zokukhanya kukunyuka kwenyawo enye kunye nokuhla kodonga. Iitshathi zokusebenza kweeyunithi ezininzi zinika ingxelo yokusebenza kweiyunithi eziphakathi ezibalwe ukusuka kubume beeyunithi ezine. Amaxabiso okukhanyisa acwangciswe embindini weyunithi kwaye egxile phakathi kweeyunithi. 1. Ixabiso lokukhanyisa lixabiso lokuqala elilungiswe nge-cosine. 2. Akukho ndawo yangaphakathi yokuboniswa okufaka isandla kumaxabiso okukhanya. 3. Ukutshintsha kwesithuba seyunithi kuya kuchaphazela inqanaba lokukhanyisa.
AMANDLA OKWENZEKA KWIMPAHLA YOKUKHANYISWA KWEMISEBENZI NGOKUPHELELEYO
Ukuqonda ukuba ukukhanya kulinganiswa ngokufanelekileyo kwaye kuhlalutywe njani kuhlala kubalulekile kumzi mveliso wokukhanyisa umhlaba ongaphandle. Xa sisebenzisa izibane kwiiprojekthi ezinkulu, kufuneka sicwangcise kude kwaye siqonde ukuba siyila ngokufanelekileyo izicwangciso zethu zokukhanyisa ukusinceda sazi kude ngaphambi kwexesha, zeziphi izibane esiza kuzifaka phi, kwaye zingaphi esiza kuzifaka kwimigama ethile ukuze sifumane ukukhanya okufanelekileyo. Yiyo loo nto eGarden Light ye-LED iminqwazi yethu iye kwiilebhu zokukhanyisa, iinjineli ze-IES kunye nemigangatho ye-Intertek yezibane zamandla ombane aphantsi ezijolise ekunikezeleni ishishini lethu ngokufundwa okuyinyani kwemilinganiselo yokukhanya ekumgangatho ophezulu kwaye isinika idatha enokuyisebenzisa ziingcali. ukwenza uyilo lwezibane olusebenza ngakumbi ngelixa usenza izigqibo ngobuchule zokuthenga.
Ukuba uthenga izibane zangaphandle, sihlala sicebisa ukuba ujonge uninzi lwabathengisi abazenza ngathi bangabavelisi bachaza iziphumo eziphezulu zokukhanya ngeendleko eziphantsi, kuba kwindawo yethu yovavanyo lweefotometri, ezi ezinye izinto zokukhanya ezivela kwezinye izinto ezininzi eziphantsi zombane Iimpawu eMelika nakumazwe aphesheya, ziyasilela kakhulu kwiinkcazo ezichaziweyo kunye namandla afuna amabango okuvelisa ukukhanya ngeemveliso zabo ezingabizi kakhulu.
Xa ujonge ezona zibane zibalaseleyo zomhlaba ngaphandle, siyakwamkela ukuba unxibelelane nathi kwaye siyakonwabela ukubeka esinye sezibane zethu ezikhokelela kwinqanaba lobuchwephesha ezandleni zakho ukwenza uthelekiso lwehlabathi lokwenyani!
Ixesha Post: Jan-08-2021